By Blake Jackson
Cornell AgriTech researchers have uncovered new insights into how the invasive fruit fly, Drosophila suzukii, survives New York’s harsh winters.
This vinegar fly, which can devastate fruit crops, was previously thought to rely solely on physiological cold adaptations. However, a recent study reveals a more complex survival strategy.
The research demonstrates that D. suzukii actively selects suitable habitats and adjusts its behavior based on temperature and moisture.
This understanding is vital for developing effective pest control and predicting fly populations based on winter conditions.
“These fruit-feeding Drosophila, originally from tropical regions, have moved into temperate zones but lack the biochemical adaptations to survive prolonged freezing temperatures,” said Greg Loeb, professor of entomology at Cornell AgriTech. “We’re trying to understand its biology better, to come up with new ways and new approaches to manage it.”
Researchers, including Binita Shrestha and Dara Stockton, conducted the study at three Finger Lakes vineyards. They found D. suzukii preferred wooded areas and pomace piles for overwintering, but did not gather in concentrated spots, making winter control difficult.
Surprisingly, they were rarely found in vineyards or winery buildings, indicating they aren't merely seeking warmth.
The study also examined ground cover's impact on lab-raised, cold-acclimated flies. Insulating materials like straw increased survival during sustained freezing.
Additionally, the flies’ ability to move vertically during snowmelt and potential flooding is crucial to avoid drowning.
“They find habitats that give them the best chances of surviving and are active during slight warm-ups, likely feeding during winter,” Loeb said.
This research highlights the fly's behavioral adaptations, challenging the assumption that physiological adaptations alone explain its survival.
These findings will guide targeted pest management strategies and enhance growers' understanding of potential D. suzukii populations.
Photo Credit: istock-pkujiahe
Categories: New York, Crops, Fruits and Vegetables, Education